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1: Creed 2: Manners  3: Character 4: Act of Worship 5: Deeds

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1:Udhhiyyah-Qurbani  2:Aqiqah– Qiqihar-scarifying of an animal on a child’s birth

Udhhiyyah-Qurbani

Definition:

Udhhiyyah-Qurbani is a sheep that is slaughtered on the Day of ‘Eid Al-Adhha in order to seek nearness to Allah the Most High.

Ruling: Udhhiyyah-Qurbani is an obligatory Sunnah upon every Muslim household that is able to afford it. This is due to Allah the Almighty’s statement:
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْؕ
(Therefore turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only). (108:2)

Allah’s Messenger ﷺ said:
«مَنْ كَانَ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيُعِدْ»
Anyone who offered the sacrifice before the ‘Eid prayer, let him repeat (it after the ‘Eid prayer). (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari said, “A man used to offer a sheep as a sacrifice during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger ﷺ .he used to sacrifice the sheep on behalf of himself and his household.” (At-Tirmithi)

Its virtues:

A proof of the tremendous virtue in the Sunnah of the Udhhiyyah is the Messenger’s statement:
مَا عَمِلَ ابْنُ آدَمَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ عَمَلاً أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، مِنْ إِرَاقَةِ دَمٍ، وَإِنَّهُ لَتَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، بِقُرُونِهَا، وَأَظْلاَفِهَا، وَأَشْعَارِهَا، وَإِنَّ الدَّمَ، لَيَقَعُ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، بِمَكَانٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ ، فَطِيبُوا بِهَا نَفْسًا
The son of Adam does not perform any deed on the Day of Sacrifice (i.e. 10^th of Dhul-Hijjah) more beloved to Allah than shedding the blood (of sacrifice). For verily it will come on the Day of judgment along with its horns, cloven hooves, and hairs. And verily (sacrificing) blood is accepted by Allah at its location prior to its falling on the ground. Therefore, treat it (the animals) in a good and gentle way. (Ibn Majah and At-Tirmith)

It was said to the Prophet ﷺ “what are these sacrifices?”

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
«سُنَّةِ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ»
A sunnah (i.e. a tradition or way of life) of your father, Ibrahim.

They asked: “What do we get form it?”

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
«بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ حَسَنَةٌ»
Every hair of it has a good reward.

They asked, “What about its wool?”

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
«بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ مِنَ الصُّوفِ حَسَنَةٌ»
Every hair of its wool has a good reward. (Ibn Majah and At-Tirmithi)

The Wisdom of Udhhiyyah:

From the wisdom behind the Udhhiyyah are the following,

• 1:Attaining nearness to Allah by it, as Allah says:

فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْؕ
Therefore, turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only].(108:2)

Allah says:
قُلْ اِنَّ صَلَاتِيْ وَ نُسُكِيْ وَ مَحْيَايَ وَ مَمَاتِيْ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَۙ  لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ١ۚ
Say: ‘Verily, may prayer, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, the Lord of all that exists. He has no partners. (6:162-163)

The term Nusuk int his verse refers to slaughtering in order to attain nearness to Allah the Most High.

• 2:Revival of the Sunnah of the Imam of the people fo monotheism, Prophet Ibrahiml, the intimate friend of Allah. Allah sent inspiration to Ibrahim to sacrifice his son [sma’il. Later , Allah ransomed him with a ram which he slaughtered instead of Ismail.

Allah says:
وَ فَدَيْنٰهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيْمٍ

And we ransomed him with great sacrifice. (37:107)

• 3:Shoeing generosity to the dependents on the day of ‘Did and speaking mercy among the poor and needy people.
• 4:Expressing gratitude to Allah for His subjecting the livestock animals to us.

Allah says:
فَكُلُوْا مِنْهَا وَ اَطْعِمُوا الْقَانِعَ وَ الْمُعْتَرَّ١ؕ كَذٰلِكَ سَخَّرْنٰهَا لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُوْنَ لَنْ يَّنَالَ اللّٰهَ لُحُوْمُهَا وَ لَا دِمَآؤُهَا وَ لٰكِنْ يَّنَالُهُ التَّقْوٰى مِنْكُمْ١ؕ
Then, eat thereof, and feed the poor who does not ask (other), and the beggar who asks (others). Thus, we have made them subject to you that you may be grateful. It is neither their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah, but it is Taqwa(i.e. piety and righteousness) form you that reaches Him. (22:36-37)

Its Regulations:

• 1:Its Age: it is not sufficient for a sacrificial animals that is a sheep to be less than Al-Jutha’, which is one that has complete a year in age or is close to it. as for other than sheep. Such as goats, camels, and cows, it not sufficient for a goat to be less than Ath-Thaniyy. In goats , Ath-Thaniyy are those that have completed one year and entered the second. As for the camels, it should have completed four years and entered into the fifth year. Regarding the cows, it should have completed two years and entered into the third.

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
لاَ تَذْبَحُوا إِلاَّ مُسِنَّةً إِلاَّ أَنْ يَعْسُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَذْبَحُوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضَّأْنِ (وَالْـمُسِنَّةُ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ هِيَ التَثْنِيَةُ
Only slaughter the full grown animals, unless it is difficult for you. So you may slaughter a Jutha’ah form the sheep (and the full grown animals that is Ath-Thaniyyah). (Muslim)

• 2:Physical Fitness: it is not sufficient to sacrifice an animal unless it is free form any natural physical defects. Thus, it is not sufficient to sacrifice the one-eyed animal, the lame. Animal, the animals whose ear is either cut or lacerated, the one having a broken horn, the sick animals and the old animals that has no marrow.

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
أَرْبَعٌ لاَ تَجُوزُ فِى الأَضَاحِى الْعَوْرَاءُ بَيِّنٌ عَوَرُهَا وَالْمَرِيضَةُ بَيِّنٌ مَرَضُهَا وَالْعَرْجَاءُ بَيِّنٌ ظَلْعُهَا وَالْكَسِيرُ الَّتِى لاَ تَنْقَى يعني لا نقي فيها، أي لا مخ في عظامها وهي الهازل العجفاء
There are four types of animals that are not permissible for sacrifice. (They are A one-eyes animals , which obviously lost one eye (or sight in it), a sick animals with an obvious illness, a lame animals with an obvious limp, and an old animal which has no marrow and is extremely lean and skinny. (Muslim)

• 3:The best type of Sacrificial Animals: the best type of sacrificial animals is a white ram with two horns, and black around the eyes and legs. This is the description that the Messenger Allah ﷺpreferred and he sacrificed such animals himself. ‘Aishah said, “Verily the Prophet ﷺsacrificed a ram with horns, a black belly legs and black around the eyes.” (At-Tirmithi)
• 4:The time of slaughtering: The time to sacrifice the animals is during the morning of the ‘Eid Day, after the ‘Eid prayer meaning Salat-ul-‘Eid. Therefore, it is never acceptable to offer the sacrifice before the ‘Eid prayer.

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ فَإِنَّمَا يَذْبَحُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَمَنْ ذَبَحَ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَدْ تَمَّ نُسُكُهُ وَأَصَابَ سُنَّةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Whoever slaughtered (the sacrifice) before the (‘Eid) prayer, he only slaughtered it for himself, and whoever slaughtered it after the (‘Eid) prayer, certainly he perfected his sacrifices (at the prescribed time) and followed the Sunnah (legal way) of the Muslims.) (Al-Bukhari)

Concerning delaying the sacrifice after the Day of ‘Eid, it is permissible until the second and third day after the ‘Eid. This is due to what has been reported:
«كُلُّأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ذَبْحٌ»

All days of At-Tashirq-Meaning the 10^th , 11^th , 12^th and 13^th of Dhul-Hijjah. are valid for sacrifice.

Imam Ahamd, and there is some criticism of its chain of narration, however, there is a statement reported form ‘Ali, Ibn ‘Abbas and others that support it. Malik and Abu Hanifah both said that it is reported form ‘Umar and his son. May Allah be pleased with them, that they said, “Do not delay the sacrifice past the third day of the ‘Eid.”

Inee wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhee fataras-samaawaati wal-ardha haneefan, wa maa anaa minal-musrikeen. Inna salaatee wa nusukee wa mahyaaya wa mamaatee illaahi Rabbil-‘aalameen, laa shareeka lahu wa bidhalika umirtu wa anaa awlul-musileen

“Verily, I have turned my face towards Him, Who had created the heavens and the earth, upright, and I am not of polytheists. Verily my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dyign are for Allah, the Lord of all that exists. Her has no partner. And with this I have been commanded, and I am the first of the Muslims.”

• 5:What is Recommended when slaughtering it: it is recommended to face the animals towards the Qiblah and say:

اِنِّيْ وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِيْ فَطَرَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضَ حَنِيْفًا وَّ مَاۤ اَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِيْنَۚ  قُلْ اِنَّ صَلَاتِيْ وَ نُسُكِيْ وَ مَحْيَايَ وَ مَمَاتِيْ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ الْعٰلَمِيْنَۙ  لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ١ۚ  وَ بِذٰلِكَ اُمِرْتُ وَ اَنَا اَوَّلُ الْمُسْلِمِيْنَ
When one begins the sacrifice he should say:
«بِسْمِ اللهِ وَاللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا مِنْكَ وَلَكَ»
Bismillaahi waallaahu Akbar, Allaahumma hadhaa minka wa laka.

“In the Name of Allah  and Allah is the Most Great . O Allah his this is form you and for you.”

Mentioning the Name of Allah when slaughtering is obligatory according to the Noble Qur’an. Allah the Most High says:
وَ لَا تَاْكُلُوْا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ
And do not eat of that for which Allah’s Name has not been pronounced.(6:121)

Third of it may be eaten by the family, another third is to be distributed as charity and the remaining third may given as gift to their friends. This is due to the Prophet’s Statement:
«كُلٌوا وَادَّخِرُوا وَتَصَدَّقُوا»
Eat (of it) , store (some of it) and distribute (some of it) as charity (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

It is also permissible to distribute all of it in charity, just as there is no harm in not giving any of it as a gift.

• 7:The Recommended Division of its Meat: Dividing the sacrificial mean into three portions is recommended. One
• 6:The Legitimacy of Entrusting Someone else to Perform it: it is recommended for the Muslim to slaughter the sacrificial animals himself. However, it is permissible for him to authorize someone else to perform the slaughter on his behalf, as there is no harm in this in this and there is no different among the people of knowledge about this.
• 8:The Wages of the Butcher should be from Other than it: it is not permissible to give anything form the sacrificial meat as wages to the butcher for his work.

Ali ‘May Allah be pleased with him,said:

“Allah’s Messenger ﷺcommanded me to supervise the slaughtering of his sacrificial camels, and distribute its meat, skin, and saddle clothes in charity. (He also commander me) that I should not give anything form it to the butcher, and he said, ‘We will give him (his labor charge) from ourselves (i.e. our own money).” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

• 9:It is enough to slaughter one sheep for all members of the family, even if the household consists of a large number of people this is due to the statement of Abuy Ayyub, may Allah be pleased with him:

“A man used to slaughter a sheep during the lifetime of the  Messenger of Allah ﷺfor himself and his family members as well.” (See earlier)

• 10:What should a person avoid after intending to Sacrifice? It is extremely disliked for one intending to sacrifice to remove any of his hair or his nails. This restriction is effective form the appearance of the crescent on the first day of Dhul-Hijjah, until he sacrifices his animals.

Holy Prophet ﷺ said:
إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ هِلاَلَ ذِى الْحِجَّةِ وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّىَ فَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْ شَعْرِهِ وَأَظْفَارِهِ  حَتَّي يُضَحِّيَ
If you see the crescent of the month of Dhul-Hijjah and one of you intends to sacrifice an animal, he should refrain from removing his hair and nails until he sacrifices the animals. (Muslim)

• 11:Allah’s Messenger ﷺslaughtered the Sacrifice on behalf of the entire Ummah: if anyone among the Muslim is unable to a for the slaughtering animals, he still attains the reward of those who perform the sacrifice. This is because the Prophet ﷺsaid, while he was slaughtering one of two rams:

«اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا عَنِّي وَعَمَّنْ لَمْ يُضَحِّ مِنْ أُمَّتِي»
O Allah! This (sacrifice) is form me and on behalf of all those who did not slaughter the sacrifice form my Ummah. (Ahmad Abu Dawud and At-Tirmithi)